Recycling method and system

ABSTRACT

A recycling system has a pyrolysis apparatus ( 40 ) having a combustion section ( 42 ) for selectively combusting a carbon component in materials, and a gasification section ( 41 ) for pyrolyzing and gasifying the materials by using heat of combustion in the combustion section ( 42 ). The materials include residual oil from an atmospheric distillation unit ( 10 ), a vacuum distillation unit ( 20 ), and a decomposition unit ( 28 ), various wastes including waste plastics ( 181 ), wastes ( 182 ), and shredder dust ( 183 ), and organic matter such as biomass ( 184 ). The recycling system has a passage for supplying pyrolysates ( 120 ) produced in the gasification section ( 41 ) to an oil refinery system or a petrochemical system.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a recycling method and system, and moreparticularly to a recycling method and system for chemically recycling ahydrocarbon residue such as heavy oil discharged from an oil refineryprocess or a petrochemical process, various wastes, or organic matter.

BACKGROUND ART

An oil refinery process is approximately defined as a process of slowlyextracting light components, as a product, from crude oil while leavingheavy oil, which has a high C/H ratio, as a residue. In other words, anoil refinery process can be defined as a process of removing unnecessarycarbon components as heavy oil from crude oil. Accordingly, in order torecover and reuse the residual heavy oil, which is discharged from theoil refinery process, it is important to efficiently treat unnecessarycarbon components.

One of the simplest ways to treat unnecessary carbon components is tocombust the carbon components. Pyrolysis and/or gasification is alsoeffective to make efficient use of heavy oil. When heavy oil isoverheated for pyrolysis and/or gasification, light components arefurther removed by the gasification. Only carbon components eventuallyremain as fixed carbon (soot and coke). Accordingly, in order to gasifythe heavy oil, it is necessary to employ a gasification method capableof treating fixed carbon.

Gasification has a reaction rate lower than that of combustion.Particularly, fixed carbon is gasified at a low reaction rate.Accordingly, in order to enhance a reaction rate of gasification, agasification process of heavy oil is generally performed at a hightemperature and a high pressure. Specifically, a gasification process ofheavy oil is performed at a temperature of 1000° C. to 1500° C. and apressure of at least 1 Mpa. Generally, the temperature is increased by adirect heating method using partial oxidation in which a portion ofheavy oil is reacted with oxygen. An indirect heating method cannot beemployed because it is difficult to use a heat exchanger for exchangingheat in a high-temperature range.

Such a gasification method using partial oxidation produces gas which ismainly composed of H₂, CO, CO₂, and H₂O. In order to chemically recyclethe produced gas, H₂ and CO may be separated and reused as needed.Alternatively, the produced gas may be used as fuel gas for a gasturbine and the like without a separation process of H₂ and CO. Sincethe produced gas generally has a high pressure as described above, itcan be introduced into a gas turbine without further compression and iseffective in a gas cleaning process or a gas refinery process prior tothe introduction to the gas turbine.

With the gasification method using partial oxidation, a gasificationfurnace is operated at a high temperature. Accordingly, the durabilityof heat-resistant components such as a burner and a refractory materialis lowered so as to increase costs of equipment and maintenance.Further, since the gasification process using partial oxidation isperformed at a high temperature and a high pressure, it requires a highlevel of operation skill. Thus, an operating cost is also increased.Accordingly, in many cases, a gasification system for a high-temperaturegasification process using partial oxidation is made large in size toobtain scale merit and reduce a load of an initial cost. Generally, itcosts several tens of billion yen for an initial investment.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

The present invention has been made in view of the above drawbacks. Itis, therefore, a first object of the present invention to provide arecycling method which can chemically recycle residual hydrocarbon heavyoil, various wastes, or organic matter at low cost.

A second object of the present invention is to provide a recyclingsystem which can chemically recycle residual hydrocarbon heavy oil,various wastes, or organic matter at low cost.

In order to attain the first object, according to a first aspect of thepresent invention, there is provided a method for recycling a materialsuch as residual hydrocarbon heavy oil, various wastes, and organicmatter. In this method, a carbon component is selectively combusted in amaterial. The material is pyrolyzed (or thermally cracked) and gasifiedby using heat of combustion in the combusting process as a heat source.A pyrolysate produced in the pyrolyzing and gasifying process issupplied to an oil refinery process or a petrochemical process.

In the specification, residual hydrocarbon heavy oil is defined as oildischarged from an oil refinery process or a petrochemical process. Forexample, residual hydrocarbon heavy oil may comprise residual oildischarged from a. hydrocracking process such as a fluid catalyticcracking process in an oil refinery process, or cracked oil dischargedfrom an ethylene production process. A pyrolysate is defined as apyrolysate containing a produced gas, oil having a specific gravity of0.7 to 1.1, and a pyrolysis residue mainly containing carbon. Theproduced gas may contain H₂, CO, CO₂, or light hydrocarbon such asmethane, ethane, or propane. The oil having a specific gravity of 0.7 to1.1 may comprise light oil such as a gasoline distillate, a naphthadistillate, a kerosene distillate, or a light oil distillate. Thecomposition of such oil may vary according to types of materials, apyrolysis temperature, types of gasifying agents, and the like.

The pyrolyzing process is defined as a reaction to decompose hydrocarbonmolecules of the material by heating so as to produce hydrogen, carbonmonoxide, carbon dioxide, and light hydrocarbon having three or lesscarbons, such as methane, ethane, or ethylene. With the pyrolyzingprocess, the material is decomposed into light hydrocarbon, aromaticheavy hydrocarbon such as benzene, and a carbon component. The gasifyingprocess is defined as a reaction to produce a synthesis gas mainlycontaining hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide from ahydrocarbon material. In the gasifying process, chemical bond ofhydrocarbon of the material is cut by molecules of a gasifying agentsuch as oxygen, hydrogen, or steam. The material reacts with thegasifying agent to produce hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and gaseousmolecules having three or less carbons, such as methane, ethane, orethylene. The solid carbon component is converted into gaseous monoxide.Methods of producing a synthesis gas generally employ a partialoxidation method using no catalysts or a steam reforming method using acatalyst.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provideda method for recycling a material such as residual hydrocarbon heavyoil, various wastes, and organic matter. In this method, a carboncomponent is selectively combusted in a material. The material ispyrolyzed (or thermally cracked) and gasified by using heat ofcombustion in the combusting process as a heat source. A pyrolysateproduced in the pyrolyzing and gasifying process is cooled and cleaned.The cooled and cleaned pyrolysate is supplied to an oil refinery processor a petrochemical process.

The pyrolysate may be supplied to an atmospheric distillation process ofthe oil refinery process or an ethylene production process of thepetrochemical process. Thus, since a cooled and cleaned pyrolysate issupplied to the oil refinery or petrochemical process, it is possible tominimize influence on the oil refinery or petrochemical process.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provideda method for recycling a material such as residual hydrocarbon heavyoil, various wastes, and organic matter. In this method, a carboncomponent is selectively combusted in a material. The material ispyrolyzed (or thermally cracked) and gasified by using heat ofcombustion in the combusting process as a heat source. A pyrolysateproduced in the pyrolyzing and gasifying process is separated intofractions. The fractions are supplied to an oil refinery process or apetrochemical process.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provideda method for recycling a material such as residual hydrocarbon heavyoil, various wastes, and organic matter. In this method, a carboncomponent is selectively combusted in a material. The material ispyrolyzed (or thermally cracked) and gasified by using heat ofcombustion in the combusting process as a heat source. A pyrolysateproduced in the pyrolyzing and gasifying process is cooled and cleaned.The cooled and cleaned pyrolysate is separated into fractions. Thefractions are supplied to an oil refinery process or a petrochemicalprocess.

The fractions may comprise gas, naphtha, kerosene, or light oil. Thefractions may be supplied to an atmospheric distillation process of theoil refinery process or an ethylene production process of thepetrochemical process. Thus, since fractions into which a pyrolysate isseparated are supplied to the oil refinery or petrochemical process, itis possible to minimize influence on the oil refinery or petrochemicalprocess.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provideda method for recycling a material such as residual hydrocarbon heavyoil, various wastes, and organic matter. In this method, a carboncomponent is selectively combusted in a material. The material ispyrolyzed (or thermally cracked) and gasified by using heat ofcombustion in the combusting process as a heat source. A pyrolysateproduced in the pyrolyzing and gasifying process is cleaned withdistillate oil discharged from an atmospheric distillation process of anoil refinery process or oil into which the distillate oil has beenrefined. At least one of the oil used in the cleaning process and thecleaned pyrolysate is supplied to the atmospheric distillation processof the oil refinery process or a petrochemical process.

The material may include residual oil discharged from the oil refineryprocess or the petrochemical process. The residual oil may compriseresidual hydrocarbon heavy oil discharged from an atmosphericdistillation process of the oil refinery process. The residual oil maycomprise residual hydrocarbon heavy oil that has been discharged from anatmospheric distillation process of the oil refinery process and flashedunder a reduced pressure. The residual oil may comprise residualhydrocarbon heavy oil that has been discharged from an atmosphericdistillation process or a vacuum distillation process of the oilrefinery process and pyrolyzed (or thermally cracked). The residual oilmay comprise residual hydrocarbon heavy oil that has been dischargedfrom an ethylene production process of the petrochemical process. Inthis case, the residual oil may comprise pyrolyzed tar. The material mayinclude wastes such as municipal solid wastes, waste, plastic, orshredder dust. Further, the wastes may comprise industrial wastesincluding a hydrocarbon organic compound such as tank sludge produced inan oil refinery process, a petrochemical process, or a chemical process.The material may include organic matter such as biomass. Further, theorganic matter may comprise a low grade fossil material such as Orinocotar or bituminous brown coal, coal, petroleum coke, or gas containinghydrocarbon such as coke oven gas (COG), blast furnace gas, or convertergas.

Hydrogen gas, methane gas, ethylene gas, ethane gas, propylene gas,propane gas, or steam may be used as a gasifying agent for thepyrolyzing and gasifying process. Gas recovered in the oil refineryprocess may be used as a gasifying agent for the pyrolyzing andgasifying process. Particles containing metal such as iron, cobalt, orruthenium may be used as a heating medium for the pyrolyzing andgasifying process to promote hydrocarbon synthesis in the pyrolyzing andgasifying process. A substance having a desulfurization function, suchas calcium oxide (CaO), calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), or calcium hydroxide(Ca(OH)₂), may be used as a heating medium for the pyrolyzing andgasifying process to promote desulfurization reaction in the pyrolyzingand gasifying process.

The pyrolyzing and gasifying process may be performed by a pyrolysisapparatus having a combustion chamber for selectively combusting thecarbon component and a gasification chamber for pyrolyzing (or thermallycracking) and gasifying the material by using heat of combustion in thecombustion chamber as a heat source. In this case, the pyrolysisapparatus may comprise an internal circulating fluidized-bedgasification furnace. The material may be supplied to both of thecombustion chamber and the gasifying chamber of the pyrolysis apparatus.

In order to attain the second object, according to a sixth aspect of thepresent invention, there is provided a recycling system having apyrolysis apparatus including a combustion section for selectivelycombusting a carbon component in a material, and a gasification sectionfor pyrolyzing (or thermally cracking) and gasifying the material byusing heat of combustion in the combustion section as a heat source. Therecycling system has a passage for supplying a pyrolysate produced inthe gasification section to an oil refinery system or a petrochemicalsystem.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there isprovided a recycling system having a pyrolysis apparatus including acombustion section for selectively combusting a carbon component in amaterial, and a gasification section for pyrolyzing (or thermallycracking) and gasifying the material by using heat of combustion in thecombustion section as a heat source. The recycling system has an oilscrubber disposed downstream of the gasification section for cooling andcleaning a pyrolysate produced in the gasification section. Therecycling system also has a passage for supplying the cooled and cleanedpyrolysate to an oil refinery system or a petrochemical system.

The atmospheric distillation unit is defined as an apparatus forperforming fractional distillation in an oil refinery system. Thepassage may be configured to supply the pyrolysate to an atmosphericdistillation unit of the oil refinery system or an ethylene productionsystem of the petrochemical system. Thus, since the oil scrubber cancool and clean the pyrolysate to be supplied to the oil refinery orpetrochemical process, it is possible to minimize influence on the oilrefinery or petrochemical process.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there isprovided a recycling system having a pyrolysis apparatus including acombustion section for selectively combusting a carbon component in amaterial, and a gasification section for pyrolyzing (or thermallycracking) and gasifying the material by using heat of combustion in thecombustion section as a heat source. The recycling system has afractionating tower disposed downstream of the gasification section forseparating a pyrolysate produced in the gasification section intofractions. The recycling system also has a passage for supplying thefractions to an oil refinery system or a petrochemical system.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provideda recycling system having a pyrolysis apparatus including a combustionsection for selectively combusting a carbon component in a material, anda gasification section for pyrolyzing (or thermally cracking) andgasifying the material by using heat of combustion in the combustionsection as a heat source. The recycling system has an oil scrubberdisposed downstream of the gasification section for cooling and cleaninga pyrolysate produced in the gasification section. The recycling systemalso has a fractionating tower disposed downstream of the gasificationsection for separating the cooled and cleaned pyrolysate into fractions.The recycling system includes a passage for supplying the fractions toan oil refinery system or a petrochemical system.

The fractionating tower is defined as an apparatus for performingfractional distillation of a pyrolysate. The fractions may comprise atleast one of gas, naphtha, kerosene, and light oil. The passage may beconfigured to supply the fractions to an atmospheric distillation unitof the oil refinery system or an ethylene production system of thepetrochemical system. Thus, since the fractionating tower can separatethe pyrolysate to be supplied to the oil refinery or petrochemicalprocess, it is possible to minimize influence on the oil refinery orpetrochemical process.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provideda recycling system having a pyrolysis apparatus including a combustionsection for selectively combusting a carbon component in a material, anda gasification section for pyrolyzing. (or thermally cracking) andgasifying the material by using heat of combustion in the combustionsection as a heat source. The recycling system has a cleaning unit forcleaning a pyrolysate produced in the gasification section withdistillate oil discharged from an atmospheric distillation unit of anoil refinery system or oil into which the distillate oil has beenrefined. The recycling system also has a passage for supplying at leastone of the oil used in the cleaning unit and the cleaned pyrolysate toat least one of the atmospheric distillation unit of the oil refinerysystem and a petrochemical system.

The material may include residual oil discharged from the oil refinerysystem or the petrochemical system. The residual oil may compriseresidual hydrocarbon heavy oil discharged from an atmosphericdistillation unit of the oil refinery system. The residual oil maycomprise residual hydrocarbon heavy oil that has been discharged from anatmospheric distillation unit of the oil refinery system and flashedunder a reduced pressure. The residual oil may comprise residualhydrocarbon heavy oil that has been discharged from an atmosphericdistillation unit or a vacuum distillation unit of the oil refinerysystem and pyrolyzed (or thermally cracked). The residual oil maycomprise residual hydrocarbon heavy oil that has been discharged from anethylene production system of the petrochemical system. In this case,the residual oil may comprise pyrolyzed tar. The material may includewaste such as waste plastic or shredder dust. The material may includeorganic matter such as biomass.

Hydrogen gas, methane gas, ethylene gas, ethane gas, propylene gas,propane gas, or steam may be used as a gasifying agent in thegasification section. Gas recovered in the oil refinery process may beused as a gasifying agent in the gasification section. Particlescontaining metal such as iron, cobalt, or ruthenium may be used as aheating medium in the gasification section to promote hydrocarbonsynthesis in the gasification section. A substance having adesulfurization function, such as calcium oxide (CaO), calcium carbonate(CaCO₃), or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂), may be used as a heating mediumin the gasification section to promote desulfurization reaction in thegasification section.

The pyrolysis apparatus may comprise a combustion chamber forselectively combusting the carbon component and a gasification chamberfor pyrolyzing (or thermally cracking) and gasifying the material byusing heat of combustion in the combustion chamber as a heat source. Inthis case, the pyrolysis apparatus may comprise an internal circulatingfluidized-bed gasification furnace. The recycling system may include apassage for supplying the material to both of the combustion section andthe gasifying section of the pyrolysis apparatus.

According to the present invention, a pyrolysis apparatus canselectively combust a carbon component in residual hydrocarbon heavyoil, and pyrolyze (or thermally crack) and gasify residual hydrocarbonheavy oil, various wastes, and organic matter to produce a pyrolysatewhich has been converted into light oil. Thus, it is not necessary togasify the carbon component or operate the pyrolysis apparatus at anincreased temperature. Further, since the carbon component can becombusted, it is possible to treat superheavy oil having a large amountof asphaltene.

Further, since the pyrolysis apparatus is not operated at a hightemperature, the resultant pyrolyzed gas contains hydrocarbon gas suchas ethylene, propylene, and butadiene, and oil components such asnaphtha, light oil, and kerosene. When the pyrolyzed gas is supplied tothe oil refinery process and/or the petrochemical process, it ispossible to enhance the value of the residual hydrocarbon heavy oil.

Furthermore, since the pyrolysis apparatus is not operated at a hightemperature, it is not necessary to employ a direct heating method usingpartial oxidation. Accordingly, the resultant oil is stable because itcontains no oxygen or otherwise only a small amount of oxygen. Further,produced gas contains no oxygenated compounds such as carbon dioxide orcarbon monoxide or otherwise only a small amount of oxygenatedcompounds.

When the material includes wastes, the amount of fossil fuel consumedcan be reduced so as to contribute to preservation of the globalenvironment. Further, it is possible to improve the profitability of therecycling system through income earned from waste disposal.

In order to enhance a recycling ratio of residual hydrocarbon heavy oil,it is desirable to increase a ratio of fractions, which are produced asa product by an atmospheric distillation tower, in a pyrolysate. In agasification furnace, Fischer-Tropsch reaction (FT reaction) may beperformed for hydrocarbon synthesis.

The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the presentinvention will be apparent from the following description when taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings which illustrate preferredembodiments of the present invention by way of example.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a flow diagram showing an oil refinery system including arecycling system according to a first embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 2 is a flow diagram showing an oil refinery system including arecycling system according to a second embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram showing a petrochemical system including arecycling system according to a third embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram showing a recycling system according to afourth embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an internal circulatingfluidized-bed gasification used in a recycling system according to thepresent invention.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

A recycling system according to embodiments of the present inventionwill be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 through 5. Like orcorresponding parts are denoted by like or corresponding referencenumerals throughout drawings, and will not be described belowrepetitively.

FIG. 1 shows an oil refinery system including a recycling systemaccording to a first embodiment of the present invention. The recyclingsystem serves to recycle residual hydrocarbon heavy oil, various wastes,and organic matter. The recycling system includes an internalcirculating fluidized-bed gasification furnace 40 provided in the oilrefinery system (fuel oil production system). Residual hydrocarbon heavyoil produced at respective portions of the oil refinery system isintroduced into a gasification chamber 41 of the internal circulatingfluidized-bed gasification furnace 40 and pyrolyzed (or thermallycracked) therein. Resultant pyrolysates 120 are returned directly to anatmospheric distillation unit 10.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the oil refinery system has anatmospheric distillation unit (atmospheric distillation tower) 10 forperforming atmospheric distillation in the oil refinery process. In theatmospheric distillation unit 10, crude oil 100 is distilled under anatmospheric pressure and separated into naphtha 101, kerosene 102, lightoil 103, and residual oil 104 at respective boiling ranges. Gas 105discharged from the atmospheric distillation unit 10 is introduced intoa gas recovery unit 11, which recovers light gas G (hydrocarbon gas suchas hydrogen gas or methane gas), and further introduced into a LPGrecovery unit 12, which recovers LPG 106 as a product.

The naphtha 101 is introduced into a naphtha hydrogenation refinery unit13, which recovers light gas G, and further introduced into a catalyticreforming unit 14, which recovers light hydrocarbon 108. The lighthydrocarbon 108 is introduced into the LPG recovery unit 12 andrecovered as the LPG 106. The light hydrocarbon 108 is also suppliedthrough an alkylation unit 15 to a gasoline compounding unit 17. Thenaphtha 101 that has passed through the catalytic reforming unit 14 isintroduced into a benzene extraction unit 16, which extracts benzenecomponents from the naphtha 101, and supplied into the gasolinecompounding unit 17. In the gasoline compounding unit 17, gasoline isrefined into automotive gasoline 109 and aviation gasoline 110. Aportion of naphtha is recovered as a naphtha product 107 to be used fora petrochemical process.

The kerosene 102 distilled in the atmospheric distillation unit 10 isintroduced into a kerosene hydrogenation refinery unit 18, whichextracts light gas G from the kerosene 102 and produces a keroseneproduct 111 and jet fuel 112.

The light oil 103 distilled in the atmospheric distillation unit 10 isintroduced into a gas oil hydrogenation refinery unit 19, which extractslight gas G from the light oil 103 and produces a light oil product 113.

The residual oil 104 distilled in the atmospheric distillation unit 10is introduced into a vacuum distillation (flash) unit 20, a residual oildesulfurization (direct desulfurization) unit 21 (ARDS), and a heavy oilcompounding unit 22, respectively. The residual oil 104 introduced intothe vacuum distillation unit 20 is distilled under a reduced pressure ata high temperature, which is higher than the temperature of theatmospheric distillation unit 10, and then introduced into a vacuum gasoil desulfurization (indirect desulfurization) unit 23 (VGO), a(residual oil) fluid catalytic cracking unit 24, a hydrocracking unit25, and the residual oil desulfurization unit 21, respectively. In thevacuum gas oil desulfurization unit 23, light gas G is extracted fromthe oil introduced thereto. Then, the oil is introduced into the heavyoil compounding unit 22. Further, a portion of the oil from the vacuumgas oil desulfurization unit 23 is introduced through a heavy gas oildesulfurization unit 26 into the heavy oil compounding unit 22. In thefluid catalytic cracking unit 24, light gas G is extracted from the oilintroduced thereto. Then, the oil is introduced into the gasolinecompounding unit 17. In the residual oil desulfurization unit 21, lightgas G is extracted from the oil introduced thereto. Then, the oil isintroduced into the heavy oil compounding unit 22. In the heavy oilcompounding unit 22, the oils are compounded into a heavy oil product114.

A portion of the residual oil discharged from the vacuum distillationunit 20 is introduced into an asphalt production unit 27 to produceasphalt 115. Another portion of the residual oil discharged from thevacuum distillation unit 20 is introduced into a decomposition unit 28,where hydrocarbon molecules of the residual oil are decomposed at a hightemperature to provide light hydrocarbon molecules and petroleum pitchcoke 116 as a residue.

The light gases G recovered in the gas recovery unit 11, the naphthahydrogenation refinery unit 13, the kerosene hydrogenation refinery unit18, the gas oil hydrogenation refinery unit 19, the fluid catalyticcracking unit 24, the vacuum gas oil desulfurization unit 23, and theresidual oil desulfurization unit 21 are desulfurized in a sulfurrecovery unit 30 so as to recover fuel gas 117 and sulfur 118.

In the oil refinery system of the present embodiment, the recyclingsystem for residual hydrocarbon heavy oil includes an internalcirculating fluidized-bed gasification furnace 40 having a gasificationchamber 41 and a combustion chamber 42. The combustion chamber 42 servesas a combustion section for selectively combusting carbon components inmaterials, and the gasification chamber 41 serves as a gasificationsection for pyrolyzing (or thermally cracking) and gasifying thematerials by using heat of combustion in the combustion section as aheat source. The materials include the residual oil 104 from theatmospheric distillation unit 10, the residual oil from the vacuumdistillation unit 20, the residual oil from the decomposition unit 28,residual oils from a petrochemical system (not shown), various wastesincluding waste plastics 181, wastes 182, and shredder dust 183, andorganic matter such as biomass 184. These materials are introduced intothe gasification chamber 41 of the internal circulating fluidized-bedgasification furnace 40 and pyrolyzed (or thermally cracked) therein.Resultant pyrolysates 120 are supplied to the atmospheric distillationunit 10 or the vacuum distillation unit 20. Further, the light gases Gor steam recovered at the respective portions of the oil refinery systemare introduced as a fluidizing gas into the gasification chamber 41 ofthe internal circulating fluidized-bed gasification furnace 40.

FIG. 2 shows an oil refinery system including a recycling systemaccording to a second embodiment of the present invention. The recyclingsystem includes an internal circulating fluidized-bed gasificationfurnace 40 provided in the oil refinery system as with the firstembodiment. Residual hydrocarbon heavy oil produced at respectiveportions of the oil refinery system, various wastes, and organic matterare introduced into a gasification chamber 41 of the internalcirculating fluidized-bed gasification furnace 40 and pyrolyzed (orthermally cracked) therein. Resultant pyrolysates 120 are cleaned withdistillate oil from an atmospheric distillation process of the oilrefinery process or oil into which distillate oil from an atmosphericdistillation process of the oil refinery process is refined. The oilused for cleaning is returned directly to the atmospheric distillationprocess of the oil refinery process.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the recycling system for residualhydrocarbon heavy oil includes an internal circulating fluidized-bedgasification furnace 40 having a gasification chamber 41 and acombustion chamber 42 in the oil refinery system as with the firstembodiment. The combustion chamber 42 serves as a combustion section forselectively combusting carbon components in materials, and thegasification chamber 41 serves as a gasification section for pyrolyzing(or thermally cracking) and gasifying the materials by using heat ofcombustion in the combustion section as a heat source. The materialsinclude the residual oil 104 from the atmospheric distillation unit 10,the residual oil from the vacuum distillation unit 20, the residual oilfrom the decomposition unit 28, residual oils from a petrochemicalprocess (not shown), various wastes including waste plastics 181, wastes182, and shredder dust 183, and organic matter such as biomass 184.These materials are introduced into the gasification chamber 41 of theinternal circulating fluidized-bed gasification furnace 40 and pyrolyzed(or thermally cracked) therein. Resultant pyrolysates 120 are suppliedto a reforming unit 50 and reformed therein. Then, the pyrolysates 120is introduced into a cleaning unit 51 and cleaned with distillate oil130 withdrawn from the atmospheric distillation unit 10. The distillateoil 131 used for cleaning is returned to the atmospheric distillationunit 10. The cleaned pyrolysates 120 can be used as product gas 52.

Oil used in the cleaning unit 51 is not limited to the distillate oil130 withdrawn from the atmospheric distillation unit 10. For example,naphtha 101, kerosene 102, or light oil 103 may be used to clean thepyrolysates 120. Further, the distillate oil 130, the naphtha 101, thekerosene 102, or the light oil 103 may be refined and used to clean thepyrolysates 120. The reforming unit 50 may be eliminated.

FIG. 3 shows a petrochemical system including a recycling systemaccording to a third embodiment of the present invention. In theillustrated example, the petrochemical system includes an ethyleneproduction system. As shown in FIG. 3, the ethylene production systemhas a cracking furnace 60, a gasoline fractionating tower 61, a quenchtower 62, a cracked gas compressor 63, a caustic soda cleaning tower 64,a hydrogen separation unit 65, a demethanator 66, a deethanizer 67, anacetylene hydrogenation unit 68, an ethylene rectifying tower 69, adepropanizer 70, a hydrogenation unit 71, a propylene rectifying tower72, a debutanizer 73, and a hydrogenation unit 74. The recycling systemin the present embodiment includes an internal circulating fluidized-bedgasification furnace 40 having a gasification chamber 41 and acombustion chamber 42 in the ethylene production system described above.

At least one of cracked heavy oil 140 from the gasoline fractionatingtower 61, a C9 fraction 141 separated at a bottom of the debutanizer 73,residual hydrocarbon heavy oil 185 from an oil refinery process oranother petrochemical process (not shown), various wastes includingwaste plastics 181, wastes 182, and shredder dust 183, and organicmatter such as biomass 184 is introduced into the gasification chamber41 of the internal circulating fluidized-bed gasification furnace 40 andpyrolyzed (or thermally cracked) therein. Resultant pyrolysates 120 aresupplied to an outlet portion of the cracking furnace 60.

FIG. 4 shows a recycling system according to a fourth embodiment of thepresent invention. The recycling system is applicable to an oil refineryprocess as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and a petrochemical process (ethyleneproduction process) as shown in FIG. 3. The recycling system includes aninternal circulating fluidized-bed gasification furnace 40 having agasification chamber 41 and a combustion chamber 42.

Residual hydrocarbon heavy oil 185 produced at respective portions ofthe oil refinery process or the petrochemical process, various wastesincluding waste plastics 181, wastes 182, and shredder dust 183, andorganic matter such as biomass 184 are introduced into the gasificationchamber 41 of the internal circulating fluidized-bed gasificationfurnace 40 and pyrolyzed (or thermally cracked) therein. Resultantpyrolysates 120 are supplied to the oil refinery process or thepetrochemical process (ethylene production process).

Specifically, the recycling system includes an oil scrubber 80 disposeddownstream of the internal circulating fluidized-bed gasificationfurnace 40 in order to minimize influence on the oil refinery orpetrochemical process 300 to which the pyrolysates 120 are supplied. Inthe oil scrubber 80, the pyrolysates 120 are cooled and cleaned. Therecycling system also includes a fractionating tower 81 disposeddownstream of the oil scrubber 80. In the fractionating tower 81, thecooled and cleaned pyrolysates 121 are separated into gas 122 andfractions 123 including naphtha, kerosene, light oil, and the like.Then, the gas 122 and the fractions 123 are supplied to the oil refineryor petrochemical process 300. Off-gas or steam from the oil refineryprocess is supplied as a gasifying agent 126 to the gasification chamber41 of the internal circulating fluidized-bed gasification furnace 40.Produced gas from the gasification chamber 41 or product gas from therecycling system may be supplied as a gasifying agent 126 to thegasification chamber 41 of the internal circulating fluidized-bedgasification furnace 40. Combustion air 125 is blown into the combustionchamber 42 of the internal circulating fluidized-bed gasificationfurnace 40.

Thus, the recycling system shown in FIG. 4 includes the internalcirculating fluidized-bed gasification furnace 40 having thegasification chamber 41 and the combustion chamber 42. At least one ofresidual hydrocarbon heavy oil 185 from the oil refinery orpetrochemical process 300, various wastes including waste plastics 181,wastes 182, and shredder dust 183, and organic matter such as biomass184 is introduced into the gasification chamber 41 of the internalcirculating fluidized-bed gasification furnace 40 and pyrolyzed (orthermally cracked) therein. Resultant pyrolysates 120 are cooled cleanedin the oil scrubber 80. The cooled and cleaned pyrolysates 121 areseparated into gas 122 and fractions 123 including naphtha, kerosene,light oil, and the like in the fractionating tower 81. Then, the gas 122and the fractions 123 are supplied to the oil refinery process 300 shownin FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 or the petrochemical process 300 shown in FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 shows an example of the internal circulating fluidized-bedgasification furnace 40 used in the above embodiments. As shown in FIG.5, the internal circulating fluidized-bed gasification furnace 40 has agasification chamber 41, a combustion chamber 42, and a partition wall43 provided between the gasification chamber 41 and the combustionchamber 42. The combustion chamber 42 has partition walls 45 and 46provided therein so as to form a heat recovery chamber 421, a bedmaterial settling chamber 422, and a primary combustion chamber 423. Thegasification chamber 41 and the combustion chamber 42 hold a bedmaterial (fine particles such as sands) filled at lower portions of thegasification chamber 41 and the combustion chamber 42. As shown in FIG.5, air 200 is supplied as a fluidizing gas for fluidizing the bedmaterial from the bottom of the combustion chamber 42. Light gas 201(e.g. steam or light hydrocarbon gas such as hydrogen gas, methane gas,ethylene gas, ethane gas, propylene gas, or propane gas) is supplied asa fluidizing gas for fluidizing the bed material from the bottom of thegasification chamber 41.

In the internal circulating fluidized-bed gasification furnace 40, thebed material in the gasification chamber 41 is introduced into theprimary combustion chamber 423 of the combustion chamber 42 through abed material circulation passage (not shown) as shown by an arrow 80.The bed material is increased in temperature by combustion of carboncomponents in the primary combustion chamber 423. The high-temperaturebed material overflows the partition wall 46 into the bed materialsettling chamber 422 as shown by an arrow 81. The bed material in thebed material settling chamber 422 is then introduced into thegasification chamber 41 through an opening defined blow the partitionwall 43. Specifically, the bed material is circulated between thegasification chamber 41 and the combustion chamber 42.

Further, the bed material in the primary combustion chamber 423 of thecombustion chamber 42 overflows the partition wall 45 into the heatrecovery chamber 421 as shown by an arrow 82. The bed material in theheat recovery chamber 421 is then introduced into the primary combustionchamber 423 through an opening defined below the partition wall 45.Specifically, the bed material is circulated between the primarycombustion chamber 423 and the heat recovery chamber 421.

In the internal circulating fluidized-bed gasification furnace 40,materials 203 are supplied into the gasification chamber 41 at aconstant rate. The materials 203 include residual hydrocarbon heavy oildischarged from the atmospheric distillation unit 10, the vacuumdistillation unit 20, and the decomposition unit 28 of the oil refinerysystem (see FIG. 1), residual hydrocarbon heavy oil discharged from thepetrochemical process, various wastes such as waste plastics, andorganic matter such as biomass. Accordingly, volatile components of thematerials 203 are pyrolyzed (or thermally cracked) into pyrolysates 120.The bed material containing carbon components of the materials 203 thathave not been pyrolyzed in the gasification chamber 41 is moved to thecombustion chamber 42 as shown by the arrow 80. The carbon components ofthe materials 203 are combusted in the combustion chamber 42. Heat ofthe combustion increases the temperature of the bed material. Then, thehigh-temperature bed material is introduced into the gasificationchamber 41 as shown by the arrow 81 so as to contribute to pyrolysis (orthermal cracking) of the materials 203 (residual hydrocarbon heavy oil)supplied into the gasification chamber 41.

When the materials 203 to be pyrolyzed (or thermally cracked) containmore volatile components and less fixed carbon, less carbon componentsare introduced into the combustion chamber 42 together with the bedmaterial as shown by the arrow 80. Accordingly, the amount of combustionin the combustion chamber 42 is reduced so that the amount of heatrequired in the gasification chamber 41 is not maintained. In such acase, materials 204 including residual hydrocarbon heavy oil, variouswastes such as waste plastics, and organic matter such as biomass mayalso be supplied to the combustion chamber 42 so as to compensate forthe amount of combustion in the combustion chamber 42.

As described above, the materials 203, which include residualhydrocarbon heavy oil discharged from the atmospheric distillation unit10, the vacuum distillation unit 20, and the decomposition unit 28 ofthe oil refinery system (see FIG. 1), residual hydrocarbon heavy oildischarged from the petrochemical process, various wastes such as wasteplastics, and organic matter such as biomass, are introduced into thegasification chamber 41 of the internal circulating fluidized-bedgasification furnace 40 and pyrolyzed (or thermally cracked) therein.The carbon components that have not been pyrolyzed (or thermallycracked) are introduced into the combustion chamber 42 together with thebed material so as to selectively combust the carbon components in theresidual oil. Thus, a high-temperature atmosphere is not required topyrolyze (or thermally crack) the materials 203 such as the residualhydrocarbon heavy oil. Accordingly, it is not necessary to employ adirect heating method using partial oxidation. The resultant oil isstable because it contains no oxygen or otherwise only a small amount ofoxygen. Further, produced gas contains no oxygenated compounds such ascarbon dioxide or carbon monoxide or otherwise only a small amount ofoxygenated compounds.

Further, since a high-temperature atmosphere is not used to pyrolyze (orthermally crack) the materials 203, the resultant pyrolysates 120contain hydrocarbon gas such as ethylene, propylene, and butadiene, andoil components such as naphtha and light oil. When these resultantpyrolysates 120 are supplied to the oil refinery process and/or thepetrochemical process, it is possible to chemically recycle the residualhydrocarbon heavy oil, various wastes including waste plastics andshredder dust, and organic matter such as biomass.

In the above embodiments, the light gases G produced at the respectiveportions of the oil refinery system are used as the light gas 201 to besupplied to the gasification chamber 41 of the internal circulatingfluidized-bed gasification furnace 40. However, the light gas 201 maycomprise hydrogen gas (H₂), methane gas (CH₄), ethylene gas (C₂H₄),ethane gas (C₂H₆), propylene gas (C₃H₆), propane gas (C₃H₈), or steam,or a mixture thereof.

The bed material in the internal circulating fluidized-bed gasificationfurnace 40 may comprise particles containing metal such as iron, cobalt,or ruthenium. In such a case, hydrocarbon synthesis can be promoted inthe gasification chamber 41. Alternatively, a substance having adesulfurization function, such as calcium oxide (CaO), calcium carbonate(CaCO₃), or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂), may be used as a heating mediumin the internal circulating fluidized-bed gasification furnace 40.

The recycling system according to the present invention is applicablenot only to an oil refinery process, but also to a petrochemicalprocess. Further, in the above embodiments, an internal circulatingfluidized-bed gasification furnace is employed as a pyrolysis apparatushaving a combustion section for selectively combusting a carboncomponent in a material, and a gasification section for pyrolyzing (orthermally cracking) and gasifying the material by using heat ofcombustion in the combustion section as a heat source. However, thepyrolysis apparatus is not limited to the internal circulatingfluidized-bed gasification furnace. Specifically, any apparatus may beemployed as long as it has a combustion section for selectivelycombusting a carbon component in a material, and a gasification sectionfor pyrolyzing (or thermally cracking) and gasifying the material byusing heat of combustion in the combustion section as a heat source.

Although certain preferred embodiments of the present invention havebeen shown and described in detail, it should be understood that variouschanges and modifications may be made therein without departing from thescope of the appended claims.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The present invention is suitable for use in a recycling method andsystem for chemically recycling a hydrocarbon residue such as heavy oildischarged from an oil refinery process or a petrochemical process,various wastes, or organic matter.

1. A recycling method comprising: selectively combusting a carboncomponent in a material; pyrolyzing and gasifying the material by usingheat of combustion in said combusting process as a heat source; andsupplying a pyrolysate produced in said pyrolyzing and gasifying processto at least one of an oil refinery process and a petrochemical process.2. A recycling method comprising: selectively combusting a carboncomponent in a material; pyrolyzing and gasifying the material by usingheat of combustion in said combusting process as a heat source; coolingand cleaning a pyrolysate produced in said pyrolyzing and gasifyingprocess; and supplying the cooled and cleaned pyrolysate to at least oneof an oil refinery process and a petrochemical process.
 3. The recyclingmethod as recited in claim 1, wherein said supplying process comprisessupplying the pyrolysate to an atmospheric distillation process of theoil refinery process.
 4. The recycling method as recited in claim 1,wherein said supplying process comprises supplying the pyrolysate to anethylene production process of the petrochemical process.
 5. A recyclingmethod comprising: selectively combusting a carbon component in amaterial; pyrolyzing and gasifying the material by using heat ofcombustion in said combusting process as a heat source; separating apyrolysate produced in said pyrolyzing and gasifying process intofractions; and supplying the fractions to at least one of an oilrefinery process and a petrochemical process.
 6. A recycling methodcomprising: selectively combusting a carbon component in a material;pyrolyzing and gasifying the material by using heat of combustion insaid combusting process as a heat source; cooling and cleaning apyrolysate produced in said pyrolyzing and gasifying process; separatingthe cooled and cleaned pyrolysate into fractions; and supplying thefractions to at least one of an oil refinery process and a petrochemicalprocess.
 7. The recycling method as recited in claim 5, wherein thefractions comprise at least one of gas, naphtha, kerosene, and lightoil.
 8. The recycling method as recited in claim 5, wherein saidsupplying process comprises supplying the fractions to an atmosphericdistillation process of the oil refinery process.
 9. The recyclingmethod as recited in claim 5, wherein said supplying process comprisessupplying the fractions to an ethylene production process of thepetrochemical process.
 10. A recycling method comprising: selectivelycombusting a carbon component in a material; pyrolyzing and gasifyingthe material by using heat of combustion in said combusting process as aheat source; cleaning a pyrolysate produced in said pyrolyzing andgasifying process with distillate oil discharged from an atmosphericdistillation process of an oil refinery process or oil into which thedistillate oil has been refined; and supplying at least one of the oilused in said cleaning process and the cleaned pyrolysate to at least oneof the atmospheric distillation process of the oil refinery process anda petrochemical process.
 11. The recycling method as recited in claim 1,wherein the material includes residual oil discharged from the oilrefinery process or the petrochemical process.
 12. The recycling methodas recited in claim 11, wherein the residual oil comprises residualhydrocarbon heavy oil discharged from an atmospheric distillationprocess of the oil refinery process.
 13. The recycling method as recitedin claim 11, wherein the residual oil comprises residual hydrocarbonheavy oil that has been discharged from an atmospheric distillationprocess of the oil refinery process and flashed under a reducedpressure.
 14. The recycling method as recited in claim 11, wherein theresidual oil comprises residual hydrocarbon heavy oil that has beendischarged from an atmospheric distillation process or a vacuumdistillation process of the oil refinery process and pyrolyzed.
 15. Therecycling method as recited in claim 11, wherein the residual oilcomprises residual hydrocarbon heavy oil that has been discharged froman ethylene production process of the petrochemical process.
 16. Therecycling method as recited in claim 15, wherein the residual oilcomprises pyrolyzed tar.
 17. The recycling method as recited in claim 1,wherein the material includes waste.
 18. The recycling method as recitedin claim 17, wherein the waste comprises at least one of waste plasticand shredder dust.
 19. The recycling method as recited in claim 1,wherein the material includes organic matter.
 20. The recycling methodas recited in claim 19, wherein the organic matter comprises biomass.21. The recycling method as recited in claim 1, further comprising usingat least one of hydrogen gas, methane gas, ethylene gas, ethane gas,propylene gas, propane gas, and steam as a gasifying agent for saidpyrolyzing and gasifying process.
 22. The recycling method as recited inclaim 1, further comprising using gas recovered in the oil refineryprocess as a gasifying agent for said pyrolyzing and gasifying process.23. The recycling method as recited in claim 1, further comprising usingparticles containing metal as a heating medium for said pyrolyzing andgasifying process.
 24. The recycling method as recited in claim 23,wherein the metal comprises iron, cobalt, or ruthenium.
 25. Therecycling method as recited in claim 1, further comprising using asubstance having a desulfurization function as a heating medium for saidpyrolyzing and gasifying process.
 26. The recycling method as recited inclaim 25, wherein the substance comprises calcium oxide, calciumcarbonate, or calcium hydroxide.
 27. The recycling method as recited inclaim 1, wherein said pyrolyzing and gasifying process is performed by apyrolysis apparatus having a combustion chamber for selectivelycombusting the carbon component and a gasification chamber forpyrolyzing and gasifying the material by using heat of combustion in thecombustion chamber as a heat source.
 28. The recycling method as recitedin claim 27, wherein the pyrolysis apparatus comprises an internalcirculating fluidized-bed gasification furnace.
 29. The recycling methodas recited in claim 27, further comprising supplying the material toboth of the combustion chamber and the gasifying chamber of thepyrolysis apparatus.
 30. A recycling system comprising: a pyrolysisapparatus having a combustion section for selectively combusting acarbon component in a material, and a gasification section forpyrolyzing and gasifying the material by using heat of combustion insaid combustion section as a heat source; and a passage for supplying apyrolysate produced in said gasification section to at least one of anoil refinery system and a petrochemical system.
 31. A recycling systemcomprising: a pyrolysis apparatus having a combustion section forselectively combusting a carbon component in a material, and agasification section for pyrolyzing and gasifying the material by usingheat of combustion in said combustion section as a heat source; an oilscrubber disposed downstream of said gasification section for coolingand cleaning a pyrolysate produced in said gasification section; and apassage for supplying the cooled and cleaned pyrolysate to at least oneof an oil refinery system and a petrochemical system.
 32. The recyclingsystem as recited in claim 30, wherein said passage is configured tosupply the pyrolysate to an atmospheric distillation unit of the oilrefinery system.
 33. The recycling system as recited in claim 30,wherein said passage is configured to supply the pyrolysate to anethylene production system of the petrochemical system.
 34. A recyclingsystem comprising: a pyrolysis apparatus having a combustion section forselectively combusting a carbon component in a material, and agasification section for pyrolyzing and gasifying the material by usingheat of combustion in said combustion section as a heat source; afractionating tower disposed downstream of said gasification section forseparating a pyrolysate produced in said gasification section intofractions; and a passage for supplying the fractions to at least one ofan oil refinery system and a petrochemical system.
 35. A recyclingsystem comprising: a pyrolysis apparatus having a combustion section forselectively combusting a carbon component in a material, and agasification section for pyrolyzing and gasifying the material by usingheat of combustion in said combustion section as a heat source; an oilscrubber disposed downstream of said gasification section for coolingand cleaning a pyrolysate produced in said gasification section; afractionating tower disposed downstream of said gasification section forseparating the cooled and cleaned pyrolysate into fractions; and apassage for supplying the fractions to at least one of an oil refinerysystem and a petrochemical system.
 36. The recycling system as recitedin claim 34, wherein the fractions comprise at least one of gas,naphtha, kerosene, and light oil.
 37. The recycling system as recited inclaim 34, wherein said passage is configured to supply the fractions toan atmospheric distillation unit of the oil refinery system.
 38. Therecycling system as recited in claim 34, wherein said passage isconfigured to supply the fractions to an ethylene production system ofthe petrochemical system.
 39. A recycling system comprising: a pyrolysisapparatus having a combustion section for selectively combusting acarbon component in a material, and a gasification section forpyrolyzing and gasifying the material by using heat of combustion insaid combustion section as a heat source; a cleaning unit for cleaning apyrolysate produced in said gasification section with distillate oildischarged from an atmospheric distillation unit of an oil refinerysystem or oil into which the distillate oil has been refined; and apassage for supplying at least one of the oil used in said cleaning unitand the cleaned pyrolysate to at least one of the atmosphericdistillation unit of the oil refinery system and a petrochemical system.40. The recycling system as recited in claim 30, wherein the materialincludes residual oil discharged from the oil refinery system or thepetrochemical system.
 41. The recycling system as recited in claim 40,wherein the residual oil comprises residual hydrocarbon heavy oildischarged from an atmospheric distillation unit of the oil refinerysystem.
 42. The recycling system as recited in claim 40, wherein theresidual oil comprises residual hydrocarbon heavy oil that has beendischarged from an atmospheric distillation unit of the oil refinerysystem and flashed under a reduced pressure.
 43. The recycling system asrecited in claim 40, wherein the residual oil comprises residualhydrocarbon heavy oil that has been discharged from an atmosphericdistillation unit or a vacuum distillation unit of the oil refinerysystem and pyrolyzed.
 44. The recycling system as recited in claim 40,wherein the residual oil comprises residual hydrocarbon heavy oil thathas been discharged from an ethylene production system of thepetrochemical system.
 45. The recycling system as recited in claim 44,wherein the residual oil comprises pyrolyzed tar.
 46. The recyclingsystem as recited in claim 30, wherein the material includes waste. 47.The recycling system as recited in claim 46, wherein the waste comprisesat least one of waste plastic and shredder dust.
 48. The recyclingsystem as recited in claim 30, wherein the material includes organicmatter.
 49. The recycling system as recited in claim 48, wherein theorganic matter comprises biomass.
 50. The recycling system as recited inclaim 30, wherein at least one of hydrogen gas, methane gas, ethylenegas, ethane gas, propylene gas, propane gas, and steam is used as agasifying agent in said gasification section.
 51. The recycling systemas recited in claim 30, wherein gas recovered in the oil refinery systemis used as a gasifying agent in said gasification section.
 52. Therecycling system as recited in claim 30, wherein particles containingmetal are used as a heating medium in said gasification section.
 53. Therecycling system as recited in claim 52, wherein the metal comprisesiron, cobalt, or ruthenium.
 54. The recycling system as recited in claim30, wherein a substance having a desulfurization function is used as aheating medium in said gasification section.
 55. The recycling system asrecited in claim 54, wherein the substance comprises calcium oxide,calcium carbonate, or calcium hydroxide.
 56. The recycling system asrecited in claim 30, wherein said pyrolysis apparatus comprises acombustion chamber for selectively combusting the carbon component and agasification chamber for pyrolyzing and gasifying the material by usingheat of combustion in said combustion chamber as a heat source.
 57. Therecycling system as recited in claim 56, wherein said pyrolysisapparatus comprises an internal circulating fluidized-bed gasificationfurnace.
 58. The recycling system as recited in claim 30, furthercomprising a passage for supplying the material to both of saidcombustion section and said gasifying section of said pyrolysisapparatus.